| Case | Fx | Fy | Fz | Mx | My | Mz | γf |
|---|
Forces kN, moments kN·m. Signs matter — a negative Fy is uplift and puts the member into tension. Each case has its own partial factor γf; the result is the envelope, and every check names the case that governs it.
Tension capacity = min(gross yield cl.6.2, net-section rupture cl.6.3, block shear cl.6.4). End/edge distance 1.5d₀ and pitch 2.5d assumed (IS 800 cl.10.2 minima).
| Check | Demand | Capacity | Utilization |
|---|
Preliminary check — engineer remains responsible.